What is Schultzhund Training?
Schutzhund is a German word
meaning protection dog. It refers to a sport that focuses on developing
and evaluating those traits in dogs that make them more useful and
happier companions to their owners.
Schutzhund work concentrates on three parts. Many familiar with the
obedience work of the American Kennel Club’s affiliates will recognize
the first two parts, tracking and obedience. The Schutzhund standards
for the third part, protection work, are similar to those for dogs in
police work.
While dogs of other breeds are also admitted to Schutzhund trials, this
breed evaluation test was developed specifically for the German Shepherd
Dog. Schutzhund is intended to demonstrate the dog’s intelligence and
utility. As a working trial, Schutzhund measures the dog’s mental
stability, endurance, structural efficiencies, ability to scent,
willingness to work, courage and trainability.
This working dog sport offers an opportunity for dog owners to train
their dog and compete with each other for recognition of both the
handler’s ability to train and the dog’s ability to perform as required.
It is a sport enjoyed by persons of varied professions, who join
together in a camaraderie born of their common interest in working with
their dogs. Persons of all ages and conditions of life --- even those
with significant disabilities --- enjoy Schutzhund as a sport. Often, it
is a family sport.
Schutzhund Titles
In addition to the Schutzhund titles, the GSDCA-WDA offers three
additional training degrees. Two of these, the FH1 and FH2, are advanced
tracking degrees that require the dog to follow tracks over changing
terrain, discriminate between cross-tracks and is at least 3 hours old.
The third is the BH. The BH is a degree for traffic-safe companion dogs
that tests the dogs temperament in and around people. It includes basic
formal obedience - heeling on and off leash, sits, downs and recalls -
as well as practical tests of the dog’s character in everyday
situations. These include reaction to normal situations involving crowds
of people, strange noises, joggers, cars and other dogs. Before being
allowed to enter for a Schutzhund I title, the dog must first have
successfully completed the BH.
There are three levels of the Schutzhund test for which titles can be
earned.
For Schutzhund I the dog must be at least 18 months old and pass an
initial temperament test by the judge. The dog must heel on the leash
and off, demonstrate the walking sit, the walking down, and the stay
tests, as well as, the send-out. It must retrieve on the flat and over a
hurdle. In tracking, it must be able to follow a track laid by its
handler at least 20 minutes earlier. There are also protection tests.
For Schutzhund II the dog must be at least 19 months old and must
already have earned its Schutzhund I degree. It must again pass all of
the obedience and protection tests required for the Schutzhund I degree,
but those tests, for Schutzhund II, are made more difficult and require
greater endurance, agility, and above all, control. There is an
additional retrieve required over the six foot slanted wall. In
tracking, the Schutzhund II candidate must be able to follow a track
laid by a stranger at least 30 minutes earlier.
For Schutzhund III the master’s degree, the dog must be at least 20
months old and must have earned both the Schutzhund I and the Schutzhund
II titles. Again, the tests now are made far more difficult. All
exercises in obedience and protection are demonstrated off leash. There
is the additional of a walking and running stand. In tracking, the dog
must follow a track that was laid by a stranger at least 60 minutes
earlier. The track has four turns, compared with two turns for
Schutzhund I and II, and there are three objects, rather than two, that
must be found by the dog. The picture of obedience, strength, eagerness
and confidence presented by an excellent Schutzhund III team is a
beautifully illustration of the partnership of human and dog.
The Three Parts of a Schutzhund Trial
The tracking phase includes a temperament test by the overseeing
judge to assure the dog’s mental soundness. When approached closely on a
loose leash, the dog should not act shyly or aggressively. The track is
laid earlier by a person walking normally on a natural surface such as
dirt or grass. The track includes a number of turns and a number of
small, man-made objects left by this person on the track itself. At the
end of a 33 foot leash, the handler follows the dog, which is expected
to scent the track and indicate the location of the objects, usually by
lying down with it between its front paws. The tracking phase is
intended to test the dog’s trainability and ability to scent, as well
as, its mental and physical endurance. The obedience phase includes a
series of heeling exercises, some of which are closely in and around a
group of people. During the heeling, there is a gun shot test to assure
that the dog does not openly react to such sharp noises. There is also a
series of field exercises in which the dog is commanded to sit, lie down
and stand while the handler continues to move. From these various
positions, the dog is recalled to the handler. With dumbbells of various
weights, the dog is required to retrieve on a flat surface, over a
one-meter hurdle and over a six-foot slanted wall. The dog is also asked
to run in a straight direction from its handler on command and lie down
on a second command. Finally, each dog is expected to stay in a lying
down position away from its handler, despite distractions, at the other
end of the obedience field, while another dog completes the above
exercises.
All of the obedience exercises are tests of the dog’s temperament,
structural efficiencies and very importantly, its willingness to serve
man or woman. The protection phase tests the dog’s courage, physical
strength and agility. The handler’s control for the dog is absolutely
essential. The exercises include a search of hiding places, finding a
hidden person (acting as a human decoy), and guarding that decoy while
the handler approaches. The dog is expected to pursue the decoy when an
escape is attempted and to hold the grip firmly. The decoy is searched
and transported to the judge with the handler and dog walking behind and
later at the decoy’s right side. When the decoy attempts to attack the
handler, the dog is expected to stop the attack with a firm grip and no
hesitation. The final test of courage occurs when the decoy is asked to
come out of a hiding place by the judge from the opposite end of the
trial field. The dog is sent after the decoy when he refuses to listen
to the handler’s command to stop. The decoy then runs directly at the
dog threatening the dog with a stick. All grips during the protection
phase are expected to be firmly placed on the padded sleeve and stopped
on command and or when the decoy discontinues the fight. The protection
tests are intended to assure that the dog is neither a coward nor a
criminal menace.
What is the Judge looking for in the Dog?
At all three stages --- Schutzhund I, II and III --- each of the
three phases: obedience, tracking and protection, is worth 100 points,
for a total of 300 points. If a dog does not receive a minimum of 70% of
the points in tracking, 70% of the points in obedience and 70% of the
points in protection --- or if the dog fails the pretrial temperament
test ---- it is not awarded a degree that day and must repeat the entire
test, passing all phases of the test at a later trial. In every event,
the Judge is looking for an eager, concentrating and accurate working
dog. High ratings and scores are given to the animal that displays a
strong willingness and ability to work for it human handler.
The Schutzhund Trained Dog in the Home
Since Schutzhund is the demonstration of the German Shepherd dog’s
most desirable characteristics, dogs well trained in Schutzhund are
usually excellent companions in the home. The German Shepherd Dog ---
like any other working dog that possesses mental stability --- has trust
and confidence in itself, allowing it to be at peace with its
surroundings.
In addition to sound structural efficiencies for long, arduous work, the
standard for the German Shepherd Dog calls for mental stability and a
willingness to work. The dog should be approachable, quietly standing
its ground, showing confidence and a willingness to meet overtures
without itself necessarily making them. It should be generally calm, but
eager and alert when the situation warrants. It should be fearless, but
also good with children.
The German Shepherd Dog should not be timid or react nervously to
unusual sounds or sights. A dog that is overly aggressive because of its
overall fears of people and events can be extremely dangerous. The
Schutzhund sport is designed to identify and eliminate such dogs from
breeding stock. Because Schutzhund training gives the owner a great deal
of control over the dog the owner is able to let the dog have more fun.
Not only is Schutzhund training itself enjoyable for the dog, but the
Schutzhund trained dog knows how to please its owners, creating a
stronger bond between dog and owners.
The Schutzhund Trained Dog for Police Work
A dog that performs well in Schutzhund work is obviously a very good
candidate for police work. Police dogs, like other service dogs, must
have temperaments with a good foundation of intelligence and utility. A
minimal amount of additional training makes many well-trained Schutzhund
dogs ready for active police duty. Such fearless police dogs can also
work around children and in crowds without worry on the part of their
handlers.
Choosing a Puppy for Schutzhund
In every breed, the pedigree is the key to knowing the potential of
the puppy. Schutzhund revolves around working lines --- generations of
dogs that have proven themselves and produced similar characteristics in
their offspring. These characteristics include not only the physical
structure of the dog, which is very important, but also its temperament.
Selecting the bloodlines from which you want your puppy may require
advice. Information from breed surveys can help. Of course, it makes
sense to discuss your objectives with reputable and experienced
Schutzhund handlers or enthusiasts.
Once you have determined that the bloodlines of the potential dam and
sire are of high quality, you should observe the parents, especially the
Mother, if that is at all possible. The dam will be the main influence
on the young pup for the first six weeks of its life. If the dam is
nervous or unsure, chances are this uncertainty will be transferred to
the offspring.
If you are able to see the litter, watch the puppies together and also
separately, to try to determine which is the best puppy. Obvious
structural defects or health problems should be watched for.
It is important that the puppy have intense instinct to stalk the prey
--- a ball, a toy, etc. --- and also be the leader in the sense of
bullying the other puppies. The puppy should not show fear when away
from its littermates. It should not need to stay with the mother. The
puppy should be adventurous and active, playing with objects shown to it
by someone in the enclosure, but it should be independent enough to take
that object and go off on its own as well.
It is independence and confidence, combined with the positive contact
with the pack leader (the dam, at this time) that will develop into the
traits of trainability that you need.
Raising a Puppy for Schutzhund Work
Puppy hood is the most critical period for the development of the
characteristics you want to encourage. Your local Schutzhund club can
advise you about nurturing and socializing your growing puppy.
A puppy learns from it experiences, so you want to provide only positive
ones. It should be provided with opportunity to explore and investigate
new situations and new people, but always in a non-threatening way.
Remember that your goal is to build confidence in the young animal. Your
aim is NOT to dominate or oppress the young pup.
Exposure to different environments is crucial to the general education
of the dog and also to assure it that the world is a safe pace. If
something appears to make the dog unsure, give it the opportunity to
investigate it slowly, but do not force the issue.
It is imperative to avoid situations where your dog would be dominated
by another older or stronger dog, or by another puppy. You also want to
avoid having to discipline or correct your puppy and thus dampen its
spirit or damage its self-confidence. You can do this by never leaving
the pup in a situation where it can cause damage to your valuables or
find itself in a dangerous predicament.
The final area of development is that of drive encouragement. The
natural behaviors that you want to encourage are playing with the ball,
tug of war, hide and seek, pulling toys on a string, pursuing you
rapidly when you run away, and finally defending itself, its family and
its home. The latter really only shows itself between the ages of nine
and eighteen months as the pup begins to mature by barking at strangers
or intruders.
It is better to leave for later formal obedience training with a young
dog. The character of the puppy is not sufficiently strong to withstand
the corrections involved in obedience training. Acceptable manners at
home and in the car and play training, like learning to sit for a food
reward, with NO corrections involved, is advisable. Real obedience work
should begin only after the dog is well on its way in the protection
training.
Schutzhund Around the World
The first Schutzhund trial was held in Germany in 1901 to emphasize
the correct working temperament and ability in the German Shepherd
breed. Originally, these dogs were herding dogs, but the
industrialization of Germany encouraged breeders to promote the use of
their dogs as police and military dogs. The Verein fur Deutsche
Schaferhunde (SV), the parent club, became concerned that this would
lead to careless breeding and undesirable traits such as mental
instability, so it developed the Schutzhund test.
Since then, many other countries and working dog organizations have also
adopted Schutzhund as a sport and a test of working performance in dogs.
International rules have been established, and they are administered by
the Verein fur Deutsche Hundesport (VDH).
In 1970 the first Schutzhund trial in the U.S. was held in California.
Today, the GSDCA-WDA sponsors trial in all parts of the country and
chooses a team in open competition to represent the GSDCA at the WUSV
World Championship. More than 25 countries send teams of competitors to
the World Championship for Schutzhund dogs from the World Union of
German Shepherd clubs.
The Value to the Breed
Any registered German Shepherd that has earned a Schutzhund degree
has demonstrated sufficient ability as a working dog to qualify for
breed evaluation. The breed evaluation is a very detailed examination of
the dog’s structure, temperament and pedigree and requires both a
certification of good hip joints and sufficient performance on an
endurance test (the AD). Dogs that do well in the breed evaluation
receive a Koerklasse I or Koerklasse II. This is a recommendation and
evaluation by a trained and recognized expert Judge as the worthiness of
the dog for breeding. Dogs rated Koerklasse II are suitable for breeding
and dogs rated Koerklasse I are recommended for breeding. By thus
screening dogs in order to select the suitable specimens for breeding,
Schutzhund helps to maintain the quality of the breed at a very high
level. Thus, there is a very high level of assurance that puppies born
to Schutzhund dams and sired by Schutzhund dogs are more likely to be of
reliable temperament, high intelligence, steady nerves, extreme
endurance, great strength, and sound structures.
Do Dogs Enjoy Schutzhund Training?
If trained in the right manner, dogs enjoy working, as anyone who
attends a Schutzhund competition can see. The joy of the dogs in working
with their handlers is evident.
For thousands of years, dogs have adapted to serve humans in a mutually
beneficial relationship. While dogs could move quickly, hunt prey, and
protect flocks and their owner, the humans could provide food, shelter
from the most severe elements, and protection from larger predators,
besides tending to the dog’s injuries. A dog’s reason for being is to
serve humans.
Schutzhund training helps develop the dog’s natural instincts to a high
level. Self-confident dogs, doing work for which they are well trained,
are happy dogs. Wagging tails, sounds of excitement, and strong pulling
on a leash all show an observer at a Schutzhund trial how much
fulfillment dogs find in this work.
Stop back soon, We always have new dogs
available!
|
